Lecture Slides

All the topics we will cover in this module are included in this set of slides. However, I will be making some small amendments and additions as we preceed, and some topics towards the end of the slide set may not be directly assessed.

Lecture Slides PDF

Additional Exercise Work

Weeks 1-4

Read this section on KRR in the textbook by Poole and Mackworth
Go the the module's Prover9 Exercises web page and have a look at the introductory information on Prover9 and the first exercise set, on solving reasoning problems using propositional logic.
Work through the examples in the Logic Examples and Exercises document.
Start work on Assignment 1.

Week 5 Reading week

Revise Lecture notes.
Examine some exam samples.
Finish Assignment 1.

Weeks 6-7

Try this exercise on finding models satisfying some given axioms: Owners and Pets
An autograder is available on Gradescope to give you feedback on your answer.
Try this exercise on temporal logic: Exercise on Logical Representations of Time
You are encouraged to read this classic paper of McCarthy and Hayes, which introduces the Situation Calculus and is one of the seminal papers in KRR:
McCarthy-Hayes-69-Sit-Calc.pdf

Weeks 8-9

Find out about the Winograd Schema Challenge. You could look at the following:
- a Corpus of Winograd Schema problems by Ernie Davis.
- a Paper on Winograd Schema problems by Hector Levesque.
Do some Prolog exercises on the SWISH Prolog Website (you could download and install SWI Prolog but that is not necessary):
- Example programs on SWISH website
- Brandon's introductory Prolog exercise

Videos

These video lecutures overlap with the live lecture content but will differ in a lot of details and often contain longer explanations, so may be useful to help you get a good understanding of the topics:

Indroduction to the Module
The Field of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
- Part 1
- Part 2
Classical Logic I: Concepts and Uses of Logic
- Part 1
- Part 2
Classical Logic II: Formal Systems, Proofs and Semantics
- Video on Sequent Calculus
Classical Logic III: Representation in First-Order Logic
- Video on Representation in 1st-Order Logic
Classical Logic IV: Formal Systems, Proofs and Semantics
- Video on First-Order Logic Semantics
The Winograd Schema Challenge
Spatial Reasoning:
- Video: Spatial Reasoning Part 1
- Video: Spatial Reasoning Part 2

Prover9 Exercises

An important part of the KRR involves using the Prover9 theorem prover. Information about how to obtain and use this software can be found on a separate web page:

Prover9 Exercises

That page contains links to logic problem exercises that will develop your skills in logical representation. Your solutions can be checked automatically using Gradescope.

Supplementary Resources

Surveys and Text Books
There is no set text book for this module and I have tried to make the module materials self-contained. However, it is certainly recommended to broaden your understanding by consulting other sources. These are some suggestions. (Be aware that different books may use different notations and sometimes different terminology.)
- Knowledge Representation and Reasoning -- Wikipedia article
- Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
  Chapters 7-12 (in the 3rd edition) are particularly relevant to KRR.
  Unfortunately there is no free version. This book is not essential for this module. However, if you are studying AI I would suggest you get a copy. I find the Kindle version convenient.
- Poole D and Mackworth A, Artificial intelligence: foundations of computational agents.
  This can be read online:
  - First Edition,
  - Second Edition.
  I give links to both editions because, although the 2nd edition is probably better overall, the 1st edition contains a more self-contained introduction to the KRR approach.
- Siu-Fan Lee, Logic: a complete introduction
  This seems to be a good introduction to the ideas of logic. But the inference rules and proof procedures it presents are rather different from the inference systems we shall be considering in this module (which are more suited to computation).
Early History of Knowledge Representation
- History of Logic -- Wikipedia article
- The Secret History of Writing, a BBC series on the development of writing. The first programme investigates the earliest uses of symbolic representation.
- De intensione et remissione formarum, an early book on logic in Latin, written by Walter Burley, who was born near Leeds in the year 1275.
Podcast Interviews on AI
- Rodney Brooks discussion on the After On Podcast (The actual interview starts after about 11 minuites). Rodney is a pioneer of robotics and is known for introducing ideas of situated and reactive AI.
- Stewart Russel discussion on the After On Podcast (The actual interview starts after about 10 minuites)
  Stuart is one of the authors of Artificial Intellgence: a moderna approach, the most read textbook on AI. The podcast is a very interesting dicussion of goal-directed agents and the potential dangers of AI.
Miscellaneous
- Cryan, Shatil, Mablin, Introducing Logic: a Graphic Guide. Gives an overview of this history and key ideas in philosophical and mathematical logic, with lots of pictures.

Projects in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Students interested in doing a project related to KRR should look at my project suggestions on my student projects web page.

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Coursework Assignments for Autumn 2022